Proline hydroxylase and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

Provided are a proline hydroxylase and uses thereof. The proline hydroxylase comprises having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 with the exception of a mutation of one or more amino acids; wherein the mutation of one or more amino acids must comprises E27K, and the mutation of one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of: H14R, L16N, T25R, F26L, E27K, D30S, S33N, E34N, E34G, E34L, E34S, E34D, Y35W, Y35K, S37W, S37F, S37E, S37N, S37T, S37C, W40F, K41E, D54G, H55Q, S57L, I58T, I58Y, I58A, I58R, I58V, I58S, I58C, K86P, T91A, F95Y, C97Y, I98V, K106V, K106T, K106Q, F111S, K112E, K112R, S154A, K162E, L166M, I118F, I118V, I118R, H119R, H119F, I120V, K123D, K123N, K123Q, K123S, K123I, K123T, T130N, D134G, V135K, N165H, D173G, K209R, I223V and S225A, and having proline hydroxylase activity.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/344,779 filed 24 Apr. 2019 entitled “PROLINE HYDROXYLASE AND USES THEREOF,” which is a national phase filing of Patent Cooperation Treaty application no. PCT/CN2016/104670 filed 4 Nov. 2016 entitled “PROLINE HYDROXYLASE AND USES THEREOF,” which are each hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing, which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII file was created 23 Apr. 2019, is named “F20201210_P281926WO-US02_DIV_SequenceList_PN144419KLY.txt”, is 533 bytes in size, was filed in parent U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/344,779 filed 24 Apr. 2019, and contains a sequence listing identical to the sequence listing filed in the corresponding international application no. PCT/CN2016/104670 created and filed on 4 Nov. 2016.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The application relates to genetic engineering and enzyme engineering, and in particular, to a proline hydroxylase and uses thereof.

BACKGROUND

A derivative of proline is an important structure unit of pharmaceutical synthesis, especially hydroxyproline which belongs to rare amino acid in the nature world, and is a starting raw material for synthesis of many important pharmaceuticals. According to different proline hydroxylation positions and space structures, there are eight isomers of the hydroxyproline totally, herein 3-hydroxy-L-proline and 4-hydroxy-L-proline are used as the important raw materials of multiple pharmaceuticals of antibiotics, enzyme inhibitors, antineoplastics, antihypertensive agents and new-type stomach medicines and the like, and are a hot point of existing biosynthesis research. In addition, the hydroxyproline may be a source of a natural product or chemical synthesis, for example, the hydroxyproline may be a plant material or a hydrolysate of collagen, or use allyl bromide, diethyl acetaminopropionic acid, D-glutamic acid and Beta-alanine as the starting raw materials for performing the chemical synthesis.

Similarly, the derivative L-hydroxypiperidine acid of the hydroxyproline is also the important structure unit of the pharmaceutical synthesis, and is an important intermediate of the synthesis of a Beta-lactamase inhibitor and a TNF-A invertase inhibitor. The L-hydroxypiperidine may be prepared through separation of plants or other natural materials or through a chemical synthesis method similarly. But a complicated separating and purifying method or a complicated synthesis process is needed, and it is difficult to realize large-scale industrial production. A mode of performing hydroxylation on piperidine acid through hydroxylase is an ideal method for acquiring the hydroxypiperidine acid. Enzyme frequently applied at present is the proline hydroxylase, it is a type of ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, and A-oxoglutarate and 02 are needed as a common substrate, and iron ions are used as a cofactor.

Many microorganisms contain the proline hydroxylase, for example, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Streptomyces sp. strain THI, and Glarea lozoyensis. Three types of frequently-used cis-form-proline-3-hydroxylase, cis-form-proline-4-hydroxylase and anti-form-proline-4-hydroxylase may respectively catalyze L-proline to generate cis-form-3-hydroxy-L-proline, cis-form-4-hydroxy-L-proline and anti-form-4-hydroxy-L-proline. But in a catalytic reaction of the proline hydroxylase to the proline and the proline derivative, some inevitable problems are existent, for example, a conversion rate is low, and a position isomer is generated by catalysis, the large-scale industrial production may not be realized. After the cis-form-proline-4-hydroxylase from the Sinorhizobium meliloti is genetically modified, the conversion rate of L-piperidine acid hydroxylation and specifity of enzyme catalysis are greatly improved, but 10% of the position isomer (2S,3R)-3-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid is still generated (W02013169725A2). So, it has important significance to industrial synthesis of the hydroxyproline and the derivative thereof that a type of the enzyme capable of specifically and rapidly catalyzing the hydroxylation of the proline and the proline derivative is found out.

SUMMARY

A main purpose of the application is to provide a proline hydroxylase and uses thereof, and solve the problem of poor selectivity of proline hydroxylation enzyme catalysis in the prior art.

In order to realize the above purpose, according to one aspect of the application, a proline hydroxylase is provided, the proline hydroxylase comprises: (a) a protein having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a protein having an amino acid sequence of SEQ HD NO: 2 with a mutation of one or more amino acids and having a proline hydroxylase activity; or (c) a protein retaining the mutation of one or more amino acids as in (b), and having the proline hydroxylase activity and having at least 78% homology with the amino acid sequence of the protein in (b).

Further, a site of the mutation is selected from one or more of the group consisting of H14, S16, T25, F26, E27, D30, S33, E34, Y35, S37, I39, W40, K41, D54, H55, S57, I58, K86, T91, F95, C97, 198, K106, F111, K112, K162, L166, I118, H119, I120, K123, T130, D134, V135, S154, N165, D173, K209, I223 and S225.

Further, the mutation comprises any one or more of the group consisting of: H14R, 516N, T25G, T25R, F26L, E27K, D30S, S33N, E34N, E34G, E34L, E34S, E34D, Y35W, Y35K, S37W, S37F, S37E, S37N, S37T, S37C, I39K, 139R, W40F, K41E, D54G, H55Q, S57L, I58T, I58Y, I58A, I58R, I58V, I58S, I58C, K86P, T91A, F95Y, C97Y, I98V, K106V, K106T, K106Q, F111S, K112E, K112R, S154A, K162E, L166M, I118F, I118V, I118R, H119R, H119F, I120V, K123D, K123N, K123Q, K123S, K123I, K123T, T130N, D134G, V135K, N165H, D173G, K209R, I223V, and S225A.

Further, the mutation comprises any one of combinations selected from the group consisting of: E27K+Y35W/K, E27K+I39K/R, E27K+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+N165H, I39K/R+Y35W/K, I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S, I39K/R+N165H, K123D+W40F, K123D+Y35W/K, E27K+I39K/R+K123D/1/Q/S, K123D/I/Q/S+N 165H, 537C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V, E27K+Y35W/K+I39K/R, E27K+537C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R, E27K+I39K/R+D30S, E27K+I39K/R+I118F/V/R, E27K+I39K/R+I98V, 537C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+N165H, Y35W/K+537C/E/F/N/W/T+W40F, 537C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+K123D/1/Q/S, E27K+I39K+Y35W/K+537C/E/F/N/W/T, E27K+I39K/R+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K/R+K106Q+K112E, E27K+I39K/R+Y35W/K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K/R+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+K123D/I/Q/S, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I223V+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S+I98V, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S+I223V, F26L+E27K+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S, I223V+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+E27K+I39K/R, I223V+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+E27K+N165H, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I98V+K123D/I/Q/S+I223V, K106Q+K112E+I223V, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S+N165H, H14R+E34G+K106Q+K112E+I223V, T25G/R+E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+K86P, K123D/I/Q/S+Y35W/K+I120V, E27K+D30S+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+K112E, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+N165H, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+I223V, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+I118F/V/R, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/1/Q/S, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/1/Q/S+I118F/V/R, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D1736+K123D/1/Q/S+N165H, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/+D173G+K123D/I/Q/S, H14R+E27K+D30S+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, T25G/R+E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/1/Q/S+I118 F/V/R+N165H, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+Y35W/K+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+K123D/I/Q/S+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V and H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I118F/V/R+I223V, wherein, ‘/’ represents ‘or’.

In order to realize the above purpose, according to one aspect of the application, a DNA molecule is provided, wherein the DNA molecule encodes any one of the proline hydroxylase.

In order to realize the above purpose, according to another aspect of the application, a recombinant vector is provided, wherein the recombinant vector is connected with the DNA molecule.

Further, the recombinant vector is selected from one of the group consisting of: pET-21b(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET 21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+), pET-41a(+), pET-41b(+), pET-42a(+), pET-43a(+), pET-43b(+), p-44a(+), pET-49b(+), pQE2, pQE9, pQE30, pQE31, pQE32, pQE40, pQE70, pQE80, pRSET-A, pRSET-B, pRSET-C, pGEX-5X-1, pGEX-6p-1, pGEX-6p-2, pBV220, pBV221, pBV222, pTrc99A, pTwinl, pEZZ18, pKK232-18, pUC-18 and pUC-19.

According to another aspect of the application, a host cell is provided, wherein the host cell comprises any one of the recombinant vectors.

Further, the host cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryocyte, preferably the eukaryocyte is a yeast cell.

Further, the host cell is a competent cell, preferably the competent cell is an E. coli BL21 cell or an E. coli W3110 cell.

According to another aspect of the application, a method for producing an L-hydroxyproline derivative is provided, wherein the method comprises: using an L-proline derivative as a substrate, and applying any one of the proline hydroxylases to catalyze hydroxylation of the substrate, to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in a general formula (I):

wherein R₁ is selected from C₁-C₅ alkylene or C₂-C₅ alkenylene; R₂ is selected form C₀-C₄ alkylene or C₂-C₄ alkenylene; R₃ is selected from hydroxyl, amino, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, aryloxy, C₁-C₆ alkyl sulfenyl or C₁-C₆ aryl sulfenyl; and R₄ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl or C₂-C₆ alkynyl.

Further, the method comprises: using α-oxoglutarate and O₂ as a common substrate, using iron ions as a cofactor, applying the proline hydroxylase to catalyze hydroxylation of the substrate, to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative.

Further, the L-hydroxyproline derivative is cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline or (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid.

Further, the proline hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of the substrate in a temperature of 5˜45 DEG C., preferably 5˜15 DEG C., to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in the general formula (I).

By means of the technical solutions of the present application, by selecting SEQ ID NO: 2 as a base sequence, a mutant containing single or multiple amino acid residues modified through genetic engineering, or by altering other amino acid residues while retaining these mutations, a protein of which modified amino acid sequence having at least 78% homology with the amino acid sequence in (b), has a higher catalytic specifity (namely selectivity) than the proline hydroxylases in prior art, or has remarkably improved catalytic activity when compared with the wild-type hydroxylases (namely the proline hydroxylase having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2) discovered by the application.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings of the specification, which constitute a part of the application, are used for providing further understanding to the present application. The exemplary embodiments of the present application and illustration thereof are used for explaining the present application, instead of constituting improper limitation to the present application. In the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 shows a chemical reaction of a use of a proline hydroxylase according to the present application in catalytic-synthesizing (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (or named as cis-5-hydroxypiperidine acid); and

FIG. 2 shows an equation of a chemical reaction of a use of a proline hydroxylase according to the present application in catalytic-synthesizing cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

It needs to be noted that the embodiments in the invention and the characteristics in the embodiments may be combined with each other if there is no conflict. The present invention will be expounded hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.

Term Explanation

Selectivity of enzyme: or named as specifity of enzyme, it is the selectivity of the enzyme to a substrate in a catalytic biochemical reaction. In the application, the selectivity of a proline hydroxylase refers to the extent to which the proline hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of an L-proline derivative to obtain a L-hydroxyproline derivative of a particular configuration. In the reaction related to the application, the extent of catalytic selectivity of the hydroxylase may be characterized with reacted diastereomeric excess.

Conversion rate: it is a percentage or a fraction of conversion of a certain reactant. The conversion rate is an index for representing a reaction extent of the reactant. The conversion rate of hydroxylation of L-piperidine acid in the application is a percentage of a product (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid generated in a reaction of catalyzing L-piperidine acid through hydroxylase or proline hydroxylase accounting for the L-piperidine acid in a system.

Catalytic activity: refers to the amount of reactant conversion per unit volume (or mass) of catalyst per unit time. In the present application, the catalytic activity of the proline hydroxylase is positively correlated with the conversion of the reaction.

Evolution: creating molecular diversity by means of mutations or recombination, and screening the diversity to obtain a gene or DNA with new functions. In the present application, the hydroxylase or the proline hydroxylase is modified through the means of mutations or recombination, to obtain the hydroxylase or the proline hydroxylase with improved performance.

Diastereoisomer: it is a stereoisomer of which molecules have two or more chiral centers, and the molecules are in a non-mirrored relationship.

Diastereomeric excess (de % for short): it is used for representing excess of one diastereomer to other enantiomers in the two chiral centers. Namely de %=(R,R+S,S)−(S,R+R,S)/(R,R+S,S+S,R+R,S).

Wild type: it is obtained from the nature, and is not artificially mutagenized or modified. In the application, the wild type proline hydroxylase is a natural proline hydroxylase screened from Genebank and is encoded by a gene sequence not artificially modified.

Homologous sequence: refers to a DNA sequence that is identical or similar between different individuals of the same species or the different species.

In the application, related 1 wt refers to an 1 g proline hydroxylase variant recombined wet cell needed for converting an 1 g main raw material.

DISCUSSION

As mentioned in the background, a defect of the proline hydroxylase in the prior art is that the catalytic selectivity is not high, and difficulty is increased for separation of a follow-up target product. In order to solve the problem in the prior art that the selectivity of the proline hydroxylase is not high, inventors acquire a proline hydroxylase with high catalytic specifity through genetic engineering. At the same time, the inventors perform various mutation modifications on the wild-type proline hydroxylase in prior art, in order to obtain a proline hydroxylase with high selectivity and improved catalytic activity.

The inventors screens countless homologous sequences of the amino acid sequence of the proline hydroxylase in prior art from Genebank, according to the order of homology from high to low, gene mutations in different positions were performed on various screened homologous sequences, and the hydroxylase activities of various mutants were screened. It was discovered that the activity of the proline hydroxylase of the mutant obtained by performing the mutation on the sequence with higher homologous with the proline hydroxylase in prior art sequences has no apparent difference with the proline hydroxylase in prior art. Finally, only one sequence derived from Kordia jejudonensis which has the lowest homology (only about 30%) with the amino acid sequence of the proline hydroxylase in prior art was left, and the sequence has no specific gene function annotation in the Genebank, and is annotated as a hypothetical protein. Recombination expression was performed on the sequence by means of genetic engineering, it was unexpectedly discovered that a protein encoded by the sequence has the activity of the proline hydroxylase, and has the selectivity higher than that of the proline hydroxylase in the prior art. The protein is named as the wild-type proline hydroxylase by the inventors. The application further performs a mutation test on the amino acid sequence of the wild-type proline hydroxylase, it is more surprised that the mutant obtained by the mutation of the sequence derived from Kordia jejudonensis not only has the activity of the proline hydroxylase, but also the catalytic activity thereof is remarkably improved compared with the wild-type proline hydroxylase.

Further, the inventors perform various mutation screening based on the sequence, and finally it was discovered that multiple mutation sites are related to the activity of the proline hydroxylase. Under the precondition of retaining these mutation sites, the activity of the proline hydroxylase is not apparently affected by arbitrarily changing the mutations of other sites.

On the above basis, the inventors performed a deeper research, and some important amino acid residue sites were discovered, after the mutation of the sites, soluble expression of the proline hydroxylase thereof is decreased significantly or the catalytic activity of the proline hydroxylase is lost. After S3, L94, H105, D107, S131, E132, Y137, M139, W145, H153, N157, V167, D169 amino acid residue sites are mutated to the other majority of amino acids, the soluble expression of the proline hydroxylase is decreased significantly, some are zero even. The mutations of these amino acids affect folding of the proline hydroxylase, so the soluble expression of the proline hydroxylase in an E. coli host cell is significantly decreased, and even the soluble expression is decreased to zero. The mutated amino acid of the proline hydroxylase may be selected from: Y35A, Y35F, Y355, W40Y, L94A, L94G, L945, F95A, F95W, H105R, H105Q, H105E, H105G, R117A, R117P, R117K, P121V, V135A, S131T, H153Y, H153A, H153R, H153K. At the same time, it is further discovered that after the Y32, R93, R117, Y108 amino acid residue sites are mutated to the other majority of the amino acids, the catalytic activity of the proline hydroxylase is lost. These mutated amino acids which are capable of significantly decreasing, even losing the catalytic activity of proline hydroxylase may be selected from: Y32N, Y32V, Y32V, Y32Q, Y32E, Y32S, Y32R, Y32D, Y32R, Y321, Y32P, Y35H, Y35F, Y35A, W40Y, R93K, R93H, R93E, R93A, L94A, F95W, F95A, H105E, H105Q, H105R, H105K, H105A, K106H, D107A, Y108W, Y108A, Y108L, Y108S, R117D, R117P, R117N, R117N, R117H, R117K, R117A, P121V, H153W, H153F, H153K, H153R, H153A.

Computer simulation was performed on a three-dimensional structure of the proline hydroxylase, and a simulated three-dimensional structure diagram was obtained. After the structure diagram was analyzed, it was speculated that most of these sites should be the important amino acid residues for participating in combination of the proline hydroxylase with a substrate or combination with a cofactor, for example, H105, D107, and H153 may participate in the combination of the cofactor with the proline hydroxylase. And for example, Y32, R93, and R117 may participate in the combination of the substrate with the proline hydroxylase, herein R93 and R117 amino acid residues may form a salt bridge with the substrate. In addition, the amino acid residues at 230-276 are outside an activity relevant area of the enzyme, so modifying or removing some of the amino acids in the area does not have a significant effect on the activity of the proline hydroxylase.

The mutants of the application are the mutants with improved catalytic activity or selectivity which are obtained by modifying the rest amino acids in the case of keeping the above amino acid sites having significant effects on the activity of the proline hydroxylase unchanged.

On the basis of the above research results, the inventors provide the technical solution of the application. In a typical embodiment, a proline hydroxylase is provided, wherein the proline hydroxylase comprises: (a) a protein having an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (b) a protein having an amino acid sequence of SEQ HD NO: 2 with a mutation of one or more amino acids and having a proline hydroxylase activity; or (c) a protein retaining the mutation of one or more amino acids as in (b), and having the proline hydroxylase activity and having at least 78% homology with the amino acid sequence of the protein in (b).

The above proline hydroxylase, through selecting SEQ ID NO:2 as a base sequence, a mutant containing single or multiple amino acid residues modified through genetic engineering, or by altering other amino acid residues while retaining these mutations, a protein of which modified amino acid sequence having at least 78% homology with the amino acid sequence in (b), has a higher catalytic specifity (namely selectivity) than the proline hydroxylase in prior art, or has remarkably improved catalytic activity when compared with the wild-type hydroxylase (namely the proline hydroxylase having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2) discovered by the application.

The catalytic activity of the above proline hydroxylase is at least improved by 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times or more compared with the original wild type hydroxylase encoded by the SEQ ID NO:2. In addition, the selectivity of the above proline hydroxylase is remarkably improved compared with the prior art, the diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid catalytically generated by the proline hydroxylase is greater than 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more.

In some embodiments, the above proline hydroxylase is the protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2 with the mutation of one or more of the following amino acid sites and having the proline hydroxylase activity: H14, S16, T25, F26, E27, D30, S33, E34, Y35, S37, I39, W40, K41, D54, H55, S57, I58, K86, T91, F95, C97, I98, K106, F111, K112, K162, L166, I118, H119, I120, K123, T130, D134, V135, S154, N165, D173, K209, I223 and S225. Wherein, the amino acid sites related to the proline hydroxylase activity are as follows: H14, S16, F26, E27, D30, S33, E34, S37, I39, W40, K41, T91, F95, C97, I98, K106, F111, K112, I118, H119, I120, K123, T130, D134, V135, N165, K209 and I223. In addition, Y35 and S57 amino acid sites relate to the selectivity of the hydroxylase. The mutation of the above one or more amino acid sites has remarkable effects on the activity or selectivity of the wild type proline hydroxylase, and is capable of remarkably improving the proline hydroxylase catalytic activity and/or selectivity of the mutant.

The three-dimensional structure simulated diagram of the above proline hydroxylase was further analyzed, it was speculated that the active sites of the proline hydroxylase in the application are located in a Beta folding related region, and the region is fixed by an A helical structure positioned in the N-terminal and C-terminal. The substrate combination site is positioned in a center of the Beta folding area, and adjacent to a cofactor combination area. These sites are analyzed, and it was discovered that the mutated amino acid residues of the proline hydroxylase referred in the application are mainly positioned in the substrate combination sites or the region related to the cofactor combination in the three-dimensional structure simulated diagram of the proline hydroxylase. For example, E27, D30, S33, E34, Y35, S37, I39, W40, K41, H55, S57, I58, F95, C97, I98, F111, K112, I118, H119, and I120 amino acids may be positioned near the substrate combination sites, and specificity of the substrate combination may be improved through the modification of these amino acids, so the activity or catalytic selectivity of the enzyme is improved. For example, K106, L166, K123, D134, S154, N165 amino acids may be positioned near the cofactor combination sites, the modification of these amino acids may improve the combination of the cofactor, and coordinate the utilization and transmission of oxygen, so the activity of the enzyme is improved.

On the basis of the mutation of the above sites, through mutating these sites to different amino acids and detecting the change of the activity of the proline hydroxylase thereof, it was discovered that after these amino acid sites are mutated to any one or more of the following combinations, the activity and/or selectivity of the hydroxylase is further improved. The mutation comprises any one or more of the followings: H14R, 516N, T25G, T25R, F26L, E27K, D30S, S33N, E34N, E34G, E34L, E34S, E34D, Y35W, Y35K, S37W, S37F, S37E, S37N, S37T, S37C, I39K, 139R, W40F, K41E, D54G, H55Q, S57L, I58T, I58Y, 158A, I58R, I58V, I58S, I58C, K86P, T91A, F95Y, C97Y, I98V, K106V, K106T, K106Q, F111S, K112E, K112R, S154A, K162E, L166M, I118F, I118V, I118R, H119R, H119F, I120V, K123D, K123N, K123Q, K123S, K123I, K123T, T130N, D134G, V135K, N165H, D173G, K209R, I223V and S225A. More preferably, the mutation comprises any one or more of the followings: H14R, E27K, E34N, E34G, E34L, E34D, Y35W, Y35K, S37W, S37F, S37E, S37N, S37T, S37C, I39K, 139R, I58T, I58Y, I58A, I58R, I58V, I58S, I58C, K123D, K123N, K123Q, K123S, K123I and K123T. Herein, the amino acid mutations related to the selectivity of the proline hydroxylase are as follows: Y35W, S57L and S57V.

The mutation of some amino acids may improve the soluble expression quantity of the proline hydroxylase in a bacterial cell, especially the soluble expression in an E. Coli host cell, these mutated amino acids may be selected from: E27K, D30S, Y35W, Y35K, S37W, S37F, S37E, S37N, S37T, S37C, I39K, 139R, W40F, I58T, I58Y, I58A, I58R, I58V, I58S, I58C, I98V, K106V, K106T, K106Q, H119R, H119F, K123D, K123N, K123Q, K123S, K123I, K123T, N165H, I223V. Generally, when an exogenous gene is expressed in a prokaryotic expression system, only the soluble protein correctly folded is active, a formed inclusion body is inactive. The soluble protein expression quantity is increased, and the total enzyme activity is increased accordingly.

In a more preferable embodiment, the above mutation comprises any one of the following combinations: E27K+Y35W/K, E27K+I39K/R, E27K+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+N165H, I39K/R+Y35W/K, I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S, I39K/R+N165H, K123D+W40F, K123D+Y35W/K, E27K+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S, K123D/I/Q/S+N165H, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V, E27K+Y35W/K+I39K/R, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R, E27K+I39K/R+D30S, E27K+I39K/R+I118 F/V/R, E27K+I39K/R+I98V, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+N165H, Y35W/K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+W40F, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K+Y35W/K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T, E27K+I39K/R+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K/R+K106Q+K112E, E27K+I39K/R+Y35W/K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K/R+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+K123D/I/Q/S, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I223V+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S+I98V, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S+I223V, F26L+E27K+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S, I223V+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+E27K+I39K/R, I223V+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+E27K+N165H, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I98V+K123D/I/Q/S+I223V, K106Q+K112E+I223V, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+I39K/R+K123D/I/Q/S+N165H, H14R+E34G+K106Q+K112E+I223V, T25G/R+E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+K86P, K123D/I/Q/S+Y35W/K+I120V, E27K+D30S+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+K112E, S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+N 165H, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+I223V, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+I118F/V/R, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/I/Q/S+I118F/V/R, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/I/Q/S+N165H, E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/+D173G+K123D/I/Q/S, H14R+E27K+D30S+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, T25G/R+E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+D173G+K123D/1/Q/S+I118 F/V/R+N165H, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+Y35W/K+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+K123D/I/Q/S+I223V, H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D+I39K/R+I58A/C/R/S/T/V/Y+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I223V and H14R+E27K+E34N/G/L/D/S+I39K/R+I98V+K106V/T/Q+K112E/R+I118F/V/R+I223V. ‘/’ in the above mutation combinations stands for ‘or’. In the above mutation combinations, the combinations referring to the mutation of Y35W are related to the selectivity of the proline hydroxylase, and the other combinations are related to the catalytic activity of the proline hydroxylase.

In the above preferable embodiment, catalytic activity information of the proline hydroxylase is screened on the basis of the catalytic activity of the enzyme to L-piperidine acid. Catalytic activity results of the proline hydroxylase in these more preferable embodiments are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, a sequence number of the DNA sequence is an odd, and a sequence number of the amino acid sequence is an even. The mutated amino acid of the application is obtained by modification based on the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the SEQ ID NO: 2 is the sequence of hypothetical protein derived from Kordia jejudonensis. The activity of the wild type proline hydroxylase in the application is represented by ‘1’, the activity of the mutant proline hydroxylase is represented by ‘+’: ‘+’ represents that the activity is 1-2 times of wild type SEQ ID NO:2, ‘++’ represents that the activity is 2-3 times of wild type SEQ ID NO:2, ‘+++’ represents that the activity is 3-4 times of wild type SEQ ID NO:2, and ‘++++’ represents that the activity is 4-5 times of wild type SEQ ID NO:2.

TABLE 1 Comparison of proline hydroxylase activity after mutation of a single site. SEQ ID NO: Mutated amino No. (DNA/AA) acid Activity 1 1/2

1 2 3/4

1 3 5/6 H14R + 4 7/8 S16N + 5  9/10 T25G + 6 11/12 T25R + 7 13/14 F26L + 8 15/16 E27K + 9 17/18 D30S + 10 19/20 S33N + 11 21/22 E34N + 12 23/24 E34G + 13 25/26 E34L + 14 27/28 E34D + 15 29/30 E34S + 16 31/32 Y35W ++ 17 33/34 Y35K ++ 18 35/36 S37W + 19 37/38 S37F + 20 39/40 S37E + 21 41/42 S37N + 22 43/44 S37T + 23 45/46 S37C + 24 47/48 I39K ++ 25 49/50 I39R ++ 26 51/52 W40F + 27 53/54 K41E + 28 55/56 D54G + 29 57/58 H55Q + 30 59/60 S57L + 31 61/62 I58T + 32 63/64 I58Y + 33 65/66 I58A + 34 67/68 I58R + 35 69/70 I58V + 36 71/72 I58S + 37 73/74 I58C + 38 75/76 K86P + 39 77/78 T91A + 40 79/80 F95Y + 41 81/82 C97Y + 42 83/84 I98V + 43 85/86 K106V + 44 87/88 K106T + 45 89/90 K106Q + 46 91/92 F111S + 47 93/94 K112E + 48 95/96 I118F + 50 97/98 H119R ++ 51  99/100 H119F + 52 101/102 I120V + 53 103/104 K123D ++ 54 105/106 K123N + 55 107/108 K123Q + 56 109/110 K123S + 57 111/112 K123I + 58 113/114 K123T + 59 115/116 T130N + 60 117/118 D134G + 61 119/120 V135K + 62 121/122 N165H + 63 123/124 K209R + 64 125/126 I223V +

The Table 1 provides the effects on the catalytic activity of the mutated proline hydroxylase by performing the modification of the amino acids at different sites on the basis of the sequence of SEQ ID NO:2. Herein, the mutated proline hydroxylase was expressed from an E. coli BL21 cell, the catalytic activity was based on conversion efficiency of the enzyme to L-piperidine acid. The above catalytic reaction was performed in a 10 ml reaction system, and the reaction system comprises: 30 g/L L-piperidine acid, 5-10 wt recombinase (1 wt is an 1 g proline hydroxylase variant recombined wet cell needed for converting an 1 g main raw material), 37.3 g/L α-ketoglutarate, 6.1 g/L L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours.

TABLE 2 Comparison of proline hydroxylase activity after multi-site mutation. SEQ ID NO: No. (DNA/AA) Mutated amino acid Activity 1 127/128 E27K + K123D ++ 2 129/130 E27K + I39K +++ 3 131/132 I39K + K123Q ++ 4 133/134 I39K + K123D ++ 5 135/136 S37C + I223V + K123D ++ 6 137/138 K123D + N165H ++ 7 139/140 I39R + K123D +++ 8 141/142 E27K + I39K + K123D +++ 9 143/144 E27K + I39R +++ 10 145/146 I39R + N165H + 11 147/148 I39K + N165H + 12 149/150 E27K + I39R + K123D +++ 13 151/152 S37C + I223V + N165H + 14 153/154 K123D + W40F ++ 15 155/156 E27K + N165H ++ 16 157/158 E27K + S37C + I223V + K123D +++ 17 159/160 S37C + I39K + I223V + K123D ++++ 18 161/162 E27K + S37C + I39K + K123D + I98V ++++ 19 163/164 E27K + S37C + I39K + K123D + I223V ++ 20 165/166 F26L + E27K + I39K + K123D ++ 21 167/168 I223V + S37C + E27K + I39K +++ 22 169/170 I223V + S37C + E27K + N165H +++ 23 171/172 K123D + Y35W ++ 24 173/174 K123D + Y35W + I120V ++ 25 175/176 E27K + Y35W ++ 26 177/178 I39R + Y35W ++++ 27 179/180 S37C + I223V ++ 28 181/182 E27K + I39K + Y35W ++++ 29 183/184 E27K + S37C + I39K + I98V + K123D + I223V ++ 30 185/186 E27K + I39K + K123D + N165H + 31 187/188 E27K + I39R + Y35W +++ 32 189/190 S37C + I39K + N165H ++ 33 191/192 E27K + I39K + D30S +++ 34 193/194 E27K + I39K + E34N +++ 35 195/196 E27K + I39K + E34G +++ 36 197/198 E27K + I39K + S37W +++ 37 199/200 E27K + I39K + S37E +++ 38 201/202 E27K + I39K + Y35K +++ 39 203/204 E27K + I39K + S37N +++ 40 205/206 E27K + I39K + K123Q +++ 41 207/208 E27K + I39K + K123S +++ 42 209/210 E27K + I39K + K106Q + K112E +++ 43 211/212 I98V + E27K + I39K +++ 44 213/214 E27K + I39K + I118F +++ 45 215/216 E27K + I39K + S37T +++ 46 217/218 E27K + I39K + K123I +++ 47 219/220 K106Q + K112E + I223V +++ 48 221/222 H14R + E34G + K106Q + K112E + I223V +++ 49 223/224 E27K + I39K + E34L +++ 50 225/226 E27K + I39K + S37F + I58T +++ 51 227/228 E27K + I39K + S37F + I58Y +++ 52 229/230 E27K + I39K + S37F + I58A +++ 53 231/232 E27K + I39K + S37F + I58R +++ 54 233/234 E27K + I39K + S37F + I58V +++ 55 235/236 E27K + I39K + S37F + I58S +++ 56 237/238 E27K + I39K + S37N + I58C +++ 57 239/240 E27K + D30S + I39K + I58R + K112E ++++ 58 241/242 E27K + E34N + I39K + I58Y + I223V ++++ 59 243/244 E27K + S37N + I39K + I58Y + D173G +++ 60 245/246 E27K + S37F + I39K + I58Y + D173G +++ 61 247/248 E27K + I39K + S37N + I58A +++ 62 249/250 E27K + I39K + S37N + I58R + K123Q +++ 63 251/252 E27K + S37F + I39K + I58Y + D173G + I118R +++ 64 253/254 E27K + E34L + S37N + I39K + I58R +++ 65 255/256 E27K + E34L + S37N + I39K + I58Y + D173G +++ 66 257/258 E27K + E34L + S37N + I39K + I58Y + D173G + +++ K123Q 67 259/260 H14R + E27K + D30S + E34G + I39K + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 68 261/262 H14R + E27K + E34N + I39K + I98V + K106Q + +++ K112E + I223V 69 263/264 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I98V + K106Q + +++ K112E + I223V 70 265/266 H14R + E27K + E34G + S37W + I39K + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 71 267/268 H14R + E27K + E34G + S37F + I39K + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 72 269/270 H14R + E27K + E34G + S37E + I39K + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 73 271/272 H14R + E27K + E34G + Y35K + I39K + I98V + ++++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 74 273/274 H14R + E27K + E34G + S37N + I39K + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 75 275/276 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I98V + K106Q + ++++ K112E + K123Q + I223V 76 277/278 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I98V + K106Q + +++ K112E + K123S + I223V 77 279/280 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I58A + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 78 281/282 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I98V + K106Q + +++ K112E + I118F + I223V 79 283/284 H14R + E27K + E34G + S37T + I39K + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 80 285/286 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I58V + I98V + +++ K106Q + K112E + I223V 81 287/288 H14R + E27K + E34G + I39K + I98V + K106Q + +++ K112E + K123I + I223V

The Table 2 provides the effects on the catalytic activity of the proline hydroxylase through the modification of amino acids at multiple sites. The proline hydroxylase was expressed from the E. Coli BL21 cell, the catalytic activity was based on the conversion efficiency of the enzyme to the L-piperidine acid. The catalytic process was performed in a 20 ml reaction system, herein the reaction system comprises 50 g/L L-piperidine acid, 2-5 wt recombinase, 62.2 g/L α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours.

In some embodiments, one or more amino acid residues related to the proline hydroxylase activity is selected as a core and kept unchanged, and new mutation is introduced in other amino acid residue positions, the proline hydroxylase with the improved property may be generated. So, any one proline hydroxylase in the above preferable embodiments may be used as a female parent amino acid sequence for synthesizing other proline hydroxylase mutants by genetic engineering. For example new mutants of which the amino acid residues obtained by several rounds of evolution are different from the amino acid sequences in the Table 1 and Table 2.

Any one of the above disclosed proline hydroxylases, or any new mutant having the proline hydroxylase activity obtained by performing the mutation of one or more amino acid residues in the other amino acid residue positions on the basis of the above disclosed proline hydroxylases or the variants thereof are within the scope of protection of the application. It may be illustrated, but not limited to this, the proline hydroxylase mutant containing the mutation of the E27 amino acid residue may further be performed the mutation of one or more other amino acids, for example: H14, S16, T25, F26, D30, S33, E34, Y35, S37, I39, W40, K41, D54, H55, S57, I58, K86, T91, F95, C97, I98, K106, F111, K112, K162, L166, I118, H119, I120, K123, T130, D134, V135, S154, N165, D173, K209, I223, S225. Another example is that the proline hydroxylase mutant containing the mutation of the 139 amino acid residue may further be performed the mutation of one or more other amino acids, for example: H14, S16, T25, F26, E27, D30, S33, E34, Y35, S37, W40, K41, D54, H55, S57, I58, K86, T91, F95, C97, I98, K106, F111, K112, K162, L166, I118, H119, I120, K123, T130, D134, V135, S154, N165, D173, K209, I223, S225. Another example is that the proline hydroxylase mutant containing the mutation of the 158 amino acid residue may further be performed the mutation of one or more other amino acids, for example: H14, S16, T25, F26, E27, D30, S33, E34, Y35, S37, I39, W40, K41, D54, H55, S57, I58, K86, T91, F95, C97, I98, K106, F111, K112, K162, L166, I118, H119, I120, K123, T130, D134, V135, S154, N165, D173, K209, I223, S225.

The above hydroxylases have the proline hydroxylase activity, and are capable of catalyzing (2S)-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid to be converted to (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid, and improving the catalytic activity of the enzyme through genetic engineering, the hydroxylase activity of the mutants in some embodiments is improved by 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, 5 times or more compared with the activity of the hydroxylase encoded by SEQ ID NO: 2 itself.

In another typical implementation mode of the application, a DNA molecule is provided, wherein the DNA molecule encodes any one of the above hydroxylases. The encoded hydroxylases have the advantages of high specifity and remarkably improved catalytic activity.

In another typical implementation mode of the application, a recombinant vector is further provided, wherein the recombinant vector is connected with the DNA molecule. The DNA molecule may encode any one of the above proline hydroxylases with high selectivity, and/or remarkably improved catalytic activity. The specific sequence is selected from the sequence in Table 1 and Table 2 of which the number is an odd, or a nucleotide sequence which is generated by substitution, addition or deletion mutation within the amino acid sequences in the other sites in the precondition of keeping the changed amino acid sites of these sequences.

In the above recombinant vector, any recombinant vector which may be used for expressing the DNA molecule of the above hydroxylase are suitable for the application. In the preferable embodiment of the application, the recombinant vector is selected from one of the followings: pET-22b(+), pET-21b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+), pET-41a(+), pET-41b(+), pET-42a(+), pET-43a(+), pET-43b(+), pET-44a(+), pET-49b(+), pQE2, pQE9, pQE30, pQE31, pQE32, pQE40, pQE70, pQE80, pRSET-A, pRSET-B, pRSET-C, pGEX-5X-1, pGEX-6p-1, pGEX-6p-2, pBV220, pBV221, pBV222, pTrc99A, pTwinl, pEZZ18, pKK232-18, pUC-18 and PUG 19.

In another typical implementation mode of the application, a host cell is provided, wherein the host cell comprises any one of the recombinant vectors. The specific host cell may be a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryocyte, preferably the eukaryocyte is a yeast cell. More preferably, the host cell is a competent cell, further preferably the competent cell is an E. coli BL21 cell or an E. coli W3110 cell.

In another typical implementation mode of the application, a method for producing an L-hydroxyproline derivative is further provided, wherein the method comprises the following steps: using an L-proline derivative as a substrate, and applying the proline hydroxylases as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 to catalyze hydroxylation of the substrate, to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in a general formula (I):

wherein R₁ is selected from C₁-C₅ alkylene or C₂-C₅ alkenylene; R₂ is selected form C₀-C₄ alkylene or C₂-C₄ alkenylene; R₃ is selected from hydroxyl, amino, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, aryloxy, C₁-C₆ alkyl sulfenyl or C₁-C₆ aryl sulfenyl; and R₄ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl or C₂-C₆ alkynyl.

The above proline hydroxylase of the application is used for catalyzing the L-proline derivative to be a hydroxide thereof, not only catalytic efficiency may be improved, and the conversion rate of the L-proline derivative is improved, but also specifity of the catalysis is improved, so a purity of an obtained target product of the L-hydroxyproline derivative is improved, and the follow-up separating process is reduced.

The chemical reaction equation for catalytic-synthesizing the L-hydroxyproline derivative with the proline hydroxylase is shown in FIG. 2. Herein,

is α-ketoglutarate, in the catalytic reaction of the proline hydroxylase, the α-ketoglutarate and O₂ are used as a common substrate. Under the combined action of iron ions as a cofactor, the hydroxylation of the substrate is catalyzed, to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative;

is vitamin C, named as ascorbic acid too, in the catalytic reaction of the proline hydroxylase, which mainly plays the role of circulating the iron ions.

As a typical dioxygenase, just like the proline hydroxylase in prior art, in the catalytic reaction of the proline hydroxylase, α-ketoglutarate and the O₂ are needed, and the iron ions are needed as the cofactor. So the method comprises: the α-ketoglutarate and the O₂ are used as the common substrate, the iron ions are used as the cofactor, the hydroxylation of the substrate is catalyzed by the proline hydroxylase, so the L-hydroxyproline derivative is obtained.

The specific reaction conditions may be appropriately adjusted on the basis of the proline hydroxylase reaction system in prior art. For example, a concentration of a reducing agent (for example, the ascorbic acid), a concentration of a detergent, pH value, temperature, buffering, a solvent system, substrate loading, polypeptide loading, a pressure and reaction time and the like may be appropriately adjusted. In some embodiments, the specific reaction conditions are as follows: 15˜120 g/L of the substrate, 1.5˜48 g/L of the hydroxylase, 1˜2.5 eq (eq: represents a proportion value of a mass of a used material and a mass of a main raw material) of the α-ketoglutarate, 0.1˜0.3 eq of L-ascorbic acid, 1˜10 mM of the ammonium ferrous sulfate, 6˜8 of the reaction pH, 5˜30 DEG C. of the reaction temperature, and 6˜96 hours of the reaction time. In some embodiments, the appropriate reaction condition comprises that 2˜5 L/h of oxygen and 0.5˜2% of a defoaming agent are fed into the reaction solution.

In a preferably embodiment of the application, the proline hydroxylase may catalyze the hydroxylation of the substrate at 5˜45 DEG C. of the reaction temperature, and the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in the general formula I is obtained. More preferably, the catalytic reaction is performed at 5˜15 DEG C. of the reaction temperature. The improved proline hydroxylase of the application may not only catalyze the substrate to the hydroxide thereof in the lower temperature, but also improve the catalytic specifity (namely the selectivity), and the purity of the product is improved.

The enzyme may perform hydroxylation on multiple types of the L-proline derivatives. In a preferable embodiment of the application, the hydroxylation is performed on the L-proline or L-piperidine acid, cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline or (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid is obtained. The specifity of the hydroxylation to the above two substrates is the highest, and 100% of the substrate may be converted to the cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline or the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid.

The beneficial effects of the application are further described below in combination with the specific embodiments. Experimental methods below are conventional methods if not specifically indicated, and used experimental materials may easily be acquired from a commercial corporation if not specifically indicated.

Embodiment 1: Recombination Expression of Proline Hydroxylase

Codon optimization (codon improvement was performed according to codon bias and degeneracy for E. coli, which was designed and completed by GENEWIZ SuZhou Co., Ltd) was performed on a DNA coding sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 annotated as a hypothetical protein and derived from Kordia jejudonensis, and the optimized DNA sequence SEQ ID NO: 3 was obtained, and the encoded proline hydroxylase polypeptide sequence is SEQ ID NO: 4. The coding sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 was connected to a pET22b(+) expression vector (purchased from Novagen, and the product number is 69744), and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), coated in an LB culture dish containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, and cultured overnight at 37 DEG C. A single colony on the culture dish was selected and inoculated in 500 ml of an LB liquid culture medium containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, then cultured by shaking at 37 DEG C. until OD₆₀₀=0.6, IPTG was added until the final concentration being 1 mM, and induced to express at 25 DEG C. After induction for 16 hours, the thalli were collected by centrifugation at 6000 g for 10 min. The thalli were disrupted by an ultrasonic cell disruptor (JY92-2D, Ningbo Xin Zhisheng science and technology Co., Ltd), and the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation at 10000 g for 20 min at 4 DEG C. for detection of wild-type proline hydroxylase activity as a control for screening the mutant activity.

Embodiment 2: Preparation of Proline Hydroxylase Mutants

A pET22b (+) expression vector containing the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 3 was used as a template, and a primer with a mutation site was used for acquiring a complete linear fragment through a full-length plasmid PCR, and the PCR product was digested by DPn I to remove the female parent template, and then transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3), coated in an LB culture dish containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml and incubated overnight at 37 DEG C., and a monoclone containing an amino acid sequence of the proline hydroxylase mutant was obtained, and the mutation site was determined through induction testing and gene sequencing. Finally mutants with single mutation sites were obtained, and the mutants with the single mutation sites were used as a mutated female parent, and the primers with a mutation in other sites were used for performing the full-length plasmid PCR again, and then mutation sites were detected again.

After activated, the mutant bacteria was inoculated into 500 ml of LB fluid culture medium containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, and subjected to shake culture at 37 DEG C. until OD₆₀₀=0.6, then IPTG was added to a final concentration of 1 mM, and induction expression was carried out at 25 DEG C. After induction for 16 hours, the cells were collected by centrifugation at 6000 g for 10 min. The thalli were disrupted by an ultrasonic cell disruptor (JY92-2D, Ningbo Xin Zhisheng science and technology Co., Ltd), and the supernatant was obtained by centrifugation at 10000 g for 20 min at 4 DEG C. for activity detection of proline hydroxylase variants.

Embodiment 3: Activity Screening of Proline Hydroxylase Variants

The activity screening of the proline hydroxylase variants in which one amino acid residue differs from SEQ ID NO: 2 was screened using the following 10 mL of the reaction solution, and the 10 mL of the reaction solution comprises: 30 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 5-10 wt of recombinant crude enzyme (1 wt is 1 g proline hydroxylase variant recombinant wet cell needed for converting an 1 g main raw material), 37.3 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 6.1 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 200 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. The activity screening results were shown in Table 1 (Table 1 shows the activity screening results obtained according to the comparison of all conversion rate data).

The activity screening of the proline hydroxylase variants in which multiple amino acid residues differ from SEQ ID NO: 2 was screened using the following 20 mL of reaction solution, and the 20 mL of the reaction solution comprises: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 2-5 wt of recombinant crude enzyme, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate, and the activity screening results were shown in Table 2 (Table 2 shows the activity screening results obtained according to the comparison of all conversion rate data).

Embodiment 4: Clone and Expression of Proline Hydroxylase Mutants

In order to conveniently express and identify the hydroxylase mutants, a compatible restriction site was designed at 5′ and 3′ terminals of the gene thereof. Nde I and Xho I may be used for simultaneously performing digestion on the target gene and pET-22b(+) (other expression plasmids which may express the protein in E. coli may be also used), the target gene after the digestion and a larger fragment of the plasmid were performed a ligation reaction with a T4 DNA ligase, and a ligation product was converted into competent cells of E. coli DH5a strains, and the converted competent cells were coated on an LB culture plate containing ampicillin with a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, and cultured overnight at 37 DEG C.

A single colony grown on the above culture dish was selected, and inoculated in an LB fluid culture medium containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, and subjected to shake culture at 37 DEG C. overnight, bacteria liquid was collected, and after plasmid extraction, PCR identification and double digestion identification were performed, a correct clone vector was named as pET22b (+)-R-M and transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3). The transformed E. coli BL21(DE3) was coated on the LB culture plate containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, and cultured at 37 DEG C. overnight. The single colony grown on the above culture plate was selected, and inoculated in 5 ml of the LB fluid culture medium containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, and the colony PCR was used for identification, and the E. coli cells containing the correct expression vector were performed the follow-up induction expression. The above bacteria solution is transferred and inoculated in 500 ml of the LB fluid culture medium containing ampicillin having a final concentration of 50 μg/ml, then cultured by shaking at 37 DEG C. until OD₆₀₀=0.5-0.6, IPTG was added until the final concentration being 0.2-1.0 mM, after the induced expression was performed at 18-25 DEG C. for 10-16 hours, the bacteria liquid was taken out, and the thalli were collected and centrifuged at 6000 g for 10 min, and frozen-stored for future use in −20 DEG C. The thalli were broken by an ultrasonic cell disruptor (JY92-2D, Ningbo Xin Zhisheng science and technology Co., Ltd), and the supernatant and precipitate were obtained at 4 DEG C. by centrifugation at 10000 g for 20 min, and the supernatant were detected by SDS-PAGE with a vertical electrophoresis apparatus. The molecular weight of the expressed hydroxylase mutant displayed on SDS-PAGE was about 30 KD.

Embodiment 5: Performance Comparison of Hydroxylases in Table 1 and Table 2 and Wild Type Proline Hydroxylase

The following experiments were performed according to the chemical reaction process as shown in FIG. 1 for hydroxylase-catalyzed synthesis of (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (or named as cis-5-hydroxypiperidine acid):

20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the wild type proline hydroxylase encoded by SEQ ID NO:2 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 10 wt of hydroxylase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. At 40 hours, a conversion rate was 98.47%, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.36%.

20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with E27K amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 16 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 10 wt/8 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. At 40 hours, a conversion rate was 94.53%, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.32%.

20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with N165H amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 122 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 10 wt and 6.67 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 10 wt and 6.67 wt respectively, after 40 hours, the conversion rate was 100% and 90.41% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 99.89%.

According to another more preferable single-site mutant, 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with K123D amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 104 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 8 wt/5 wt/4 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 8 wt, 5 wt and 4 wt respectively, after 40 hours, the conversion rate was 100%, 97.83% and 89.09% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.68%.

According to a multi-site mutant, 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with S37C+I223V amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 180 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 8 wt/5 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 8 wt and 5 wt respectively, after 40 h, the conversion rate was 100% and 93.99% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.25%.

According to the multi-site mutant, 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with 139R+Y35W amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 178 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 5 wt/3 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 5 wt and 3 wt respectively, after 40 h, the conversion rate was 100% and 94.45% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 75.02%. Although the selectivity of the mutant is poorer, the catalytic activity thereof is apparently higher than that of the wild type proline hydroxylase.

According to a more preferable combined mutant, 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with I39R+K123D amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 140 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 4 wt/3 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 4 wt and 3 wt respectively, after 40 h, the conversion rate was 97.35% and 92.08% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 99.26%.

According to another more preferable combined mutant, 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used in a process that the proline hydroxylase mutant with S37C+I39K+I223V+K123D amino acid residue mutation encoded by SEQ ID NO: 160 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 3 wt/2 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 3 wt and 2 wt respectively, after 40 h, the conversion rate was 95.23% and 88.41% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 99.90%.

Embodiment 6

An amino acid sequence PH1 (as shown in SEQ ID No:289 in the sequence listing) independently designed and constructed by the inventor has 78% of homology with SEQ ID NO:2. The protein was used for catalyzing the L-piperidine acid to prepare (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 9 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. After 40 h, a conversion rate was 98.56% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.45%.

Embodiment 7

1) A I39K+S33N amino acid residues mutation in SEQ ID NO:2 has 99% of homology with SEQ ID NO:2, and the amino acid sequence thereof is shown in SEQ ID NO: 290 in a sequence listing. Mutated enzyme encoded by the sequence was used for catalyzing the L-piperidine acid to prepare (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 8 wt/6 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. In the reaction system of which the amount of recombinase was 8 wt and 6 wt respectively, after 40 hours, the conversion rate was 100% and 91.62% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.89%.

2) A E27K+I39K+F28L+S31A amino acid residues mutation in the SEQ ID NO:2 has 98.6% of homology with SEQ ID NO:2, and the amino acid sequence thereof is as shown in SEQ ID NO: 291 in the sequence listing. The mutated enzyme encoded by the sequence was used for catalyzing the L-piperidine acid to prepare (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 5 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. At 40 hours, the conversion rate was 98.75% respectively, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.30%.

3) Base on the SEQ ID NO:289 sequence which has 78% of homology with the SEQ ID NO:2 and constructed in the embodiment 6, the mutation is performed, after the E27K amino acid residue of the sequence was mutated, the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 292 in the sequence listing was obtained, the amino acid sequence has 97.8% of the homology with the SEQ ID NO:2. The mutated proline hydroxylase encoded by the sequence was used for catalyzing the L-piperidine acid to prepare (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid. 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 7 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. At 40 hours, the conversion rate was 97.25%, and diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 98.40%.

Control Example 1

In a process of the prior art for preparing (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid with a recombined proline hydroxylase derived from Sinorhizobium mehloti, the highest diastereomeric excess of the (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was 90.7%, and 9.3% of a positional isomer (2S,3R)-3-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid was generated (W02013169725A2).

Compared with the embodiment 5, the diastereomeric excess of hydroxylase of SEQ ID NO:2 is 98.36%, and the diastereomeric excess of the control example 1 is 90.7%. It is clear that the selectivity of the hydroxylase of SEQ ID NO:2 in the application is superior to the prior art.

Embodiment 8

Application of hydroxylases in Table 1 and Table 2 for preparing cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline, a reaction process thereof was as shown in FIG. 2.

A proline hydroxylase mutant mutated at K123D amino acid residue encoded by SEQ ID NO: 104 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline. 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 5 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. At 40 hours, a conversion rate was 92.36%, and diastereomeric excess was 99.30%.

The proline hydroxylase mutant mutated at S37C+I39K+I223V+K123D amino acid residues encoded by SEQ ID NO: 160 catalyzed L-piperidine acid to prepare the cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline. 20 ml of the following reaction solution was used. 20 mL of the reaction solution comprised: 50 g/L of L-piperidine acid, 4 wt of recombinase, 62.2 g/L of α-ketoglutarate, 10.2 g/L of L-ascorbic acid, 5 mM of ammonium ferrous sulfate, the reaction pH was 6.5, the reaction temperature was 10 DEG C., and the reaction time was 40 hours. At the end of the reaction, 100 μL of the reaction system was taken, and then 200 μL of acetonitrile was added thereof, and 3000 μL of purified water was added after uniformly mixing, and the supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 10000 rpm for 5 min for HPLC to determine the conversion rate. At 40 hours, the conversion rate was 99.47%, and the diastereomeric excess was 99.56%.

It is clear that many mutant hydroxylases in Table 1 and Table 2 may be also applied to prepare cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline, and the cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline with high purity and high selectivity may be obtained too.

It is observed from the above description that the above embodiments of the application achieve the following technical effects: through using the SEQ ID NO:2 as a base sequence for screening mutated proline hydroxylases, and by means of genetic engineering, multiple hydroxylases with remarkably improved catalytic activity and selectivity were obtained. These hydroxylases have the characteristics of enabling a substrate conversion rate to be high and catalyzing less specific positional isomers, and are capable of specifically catalyzing hydroxylation of proline derivatives, especially, catalyzing the hydroxylation of L-piperidine acid to generate (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid (or named as cis-5-hydroxypiperidine acid) and catalyzing the hydroxylation of L-proline to generate cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline.

The above are only the preferable embodiments of the application, but not intended to limit the application. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the application may have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the application shall fall within the scope of protection of the present application. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A proline hydroxylase, comprising a protein having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 with the exception of a mutation of one or more amino acids; wherein the mutation of one or more amino acids must comprises E27K, and the mutation of one or more amino acids selected from the group consisting of: H14R, L16N, T25R, F26L, E27K, D30S, S33N, E34N, E34G, E34L, E34S, E34D, Y35W, Y35K, S37W, S37F, S37E, S37N, S37T, S37C, W40F, K41E, D54G, H55Q, S57L, I58T, I58Y, I58A, I58R, I58V, I58S, I580, K86P, T91A, F95Y, C97Y, I98V, K106V, K106T, K106Q, F111S, K112E, K112R, S154A, K162E, L166M, I118F, I118V, I118R, H119R, H119F, I120V, K123D, K123N, K123Q, K123S, K123I, K123T, T130N, D134G, V135K, N165H, D173G, K209R, I223V and S225A, and having proline hydroxylase activity.
 2. The proline hydroxylase as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mutation comprises any one of combinations selected from the group consisting of E27K+Y35W/K, E27K+K123D/I/Q/S, E27K+N165H, E27K+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+I223V+K123D/I/Q/S, I223V+S37C/E/F/N/W/T+E27K+N165H, wherein ‘/’ represents ‘or’.
 3. A recombinant vector, wherein the recombinant vector is connected with the DNA molecule encoding the proline hydroxylase as claimed in claim
 1. 4. The recombinant vector as claimed in claim 5, wherein the recombinant vector is selected from one of the group consisting of: pET-21b(+), pET-22b(+), pET-3a(+), pET-3d(+), pET-11a(+), pET-12a(+), pET-14b(+), pET-15b(+), pET-16b(+), pET-17b(+), pET-19b(+), pET-20b(+), pET-21a(+), pET-23a(+), pET-23b(+), pET-24a(+), pET-25b(+), pET-26b(+), pET-27b(+), pET-28a(+), pET-29a(+), pET-30a(+), pET-31b(+), pET-32a(+), pET-35b(+), pET-38b(+), pET-39b(+), pET-40b(+), pET-41a(+), pET-41b(+), pET-42a(+), pET-43a(+), pET-43b(+), pET-44a(+), pET-49b(+), pQE2, pQE9, pQE30, pQE31, pQE32, pQE40, pQE70, pQE80, pRSET-A, pRSET-B, pRSET-C, pGEX-5X-1, pGEX-6p-1, pGEX-6p-2, pBV220, pBV221, pBV222, pTrc99A, pTwinl, pEZZ18, pKK232-18, pUC-18 and pUC-19.
 5. A host cell, wherein the host cell comprises the recombinant vector as claimed in claim
 3. 6. The host cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the host cell is a prokaryotic cell or a eukaryocyte.
 7. The host cell as claimed in claim 6, wherein the eukaryocyte is a yeast cell.
 8. The host cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the host cell is a competent cell.
 9. The host cell as claimed in claim 5, wherein the competent cell is an E. coli BL21 cell or an E. coli W3110 cell.
 10. A method for producing an L-hydroxyproline derivative, wherein the method comprises: using an L-proline derivative as a substrate, and applying the proline hydroxylase as claimed in claim 1 to catalyze hydroxylation of the substrate, to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in a general formula (I):

wherein R₁ is selected from C₁-C₅ alkylene or C₂-C₅ alkenylene; R₂ is selected form C₀-C₄ alkylene or C₂-C₄ alkenylene; R₃ is selected from hydroxyl, amino, C₁-C₆ alkoxy, aryloxy, C₁-C₆ alkyl sulfenyl or C₁-C₆ aryl sulfenyl; and R₄ is selected from hydrogen, C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₂-C₆ alkenyl or C₂-C₆ alkynyl.
 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the method comprises: using α-oxoglutarate and O₂ as a common substrate, using iron ions as a cofactor, applying the proline hydroxylase to catalyze hydroxylation of the substrate, to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative.
 12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the L-hydroxyproline derivative is cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline or (2S,5S)-5-hydroxypiperidine-2-carboxylic acid.
 13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the proline hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of the substrate in a temperature of 5˜45 DEG C. to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in the general formula (I).
 14. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the proline hydroxylase catalyzes hydroxylation of the substrate in a temperature of 5˜15 DEG C. to obtain the L-hydroxyproline derivative as shown in the general formula (I). 